JP Journal of Algebra, Number Theory and Applications

The JP Journal of Algebra, Number Theory and Applications is a prestigious international journal indexed in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI). It publishes original research papers, both theoretical and applied in nature, in various branches of algebra and number theory. The journal also welcomes survey articles that contribute to the advancement of these fields.

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MAGIC SQUARES OF PERFECT SQUARES AND PELL NUMBERS

Authors

  • D. N. Coumbe

Keywords:

magic square, Pell numbers

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17654/0972555524032

Abstract

Order three magic squares of distinct squared integers are studied. We show that such a magic square is not possible if the smallest entry is the square of a prime number, or unity. A method for generating all arithmetic progressions of three squared integers whose smallest term is the square of a prime or unity is presented via a set of linear transformation matrices involving the Pell numbers.

Received: September 2, 2024
Revised: September 20, 2024
Accepted: October 10, 2024

References

C. Boyer, Some notes on the magic squares of squares problem, Math. Intelligencer 27(2) (2005), 52-64.

Leonhard Euler, On magic squares, 2005. arXiv:math/0408230v6[math.CO].

Andrew Bremner, On squares of squares, Acta Arith. 88(3) (1999), 289-297.

O. Cain, Gaussian integers, rings, finite fields, and the magic square of squares, 2019. arXiv:1908.03236v2[math.RA].

L. Sallows, The lost theorem, Math. Intelligencer 19(4) (1997), 51-54.

L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers, Volume II: Diophantine Analysis, Dover Books on Mathematics, Dover Publications, 2005.

L. Morgenstern, magic square of 7 squares study 1, 2006.

http://web.archive.org/web/20150511182628/http://home.earthlink.net/

~morgenstern/magic/apstruc.htm.

D. Weisenberg, Some thoughts on the 3 × 3 magic square of squares problem, Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal 24(1) (2023), Article 7.

L. Rabern, Properties of magic squares of squares, Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal 4(1) (2003), Article 3.

A. Várilly-Alvarado, The geometric disposition of Diophantine equations, Notices Amer. Math. Soc. 68(8) (2021), 1291-1300.

Published

2024-10-22

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

MAGIC SQUARES OF PERFECT SQUARES AND PELL NUMBERS. (2024). JP Journal of Algebra, Number Theory and Applications, 63(6), 587-614. https://doi.org/10.17654/0972555524032

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