Far East Journal of Mathematical Sciences (FJMS)

The Far East Journal of Mathematical Sciences (FJMS) publishes original research papers and survey articles in pure and applied mathematics, statistics, mathematical physics, and other related fields. It welcomes application-oriented work as well.

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MIXED SECOND-ORDER QUATERNIONIC DERIVATIVES: ADVANCES ON HYPERCOMPLEX

Authors

  • J. Marão
  • G. M. dos Reis
  • M. O. Ribeiro
  • M. F. Borges

Keywords:

quaternionic derivative, hypercomplex analysis, derivative

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17654/0972087126030

Abstract

Over the past decades, the study of quaternions has advanced significantly, primarily in the field of mathematical analysis [1-5]. These advances have brought to light various generalizations of the Classical Theory of Complex Analysis, especially in the differentiation and integration of quaternionic functions. In the realm of quaternionic differentiation, new methods have been developed to handle the peculiarities of quaternionic functions, highlighting the Cauchy-Riemann Equations and a “closed” formulation for the Cauchy Integral [6, 7]. The main objective of this article is to demonstrate the equality of the mixed second quaternionic derivatives. This equality is fundamental for the theoretical development of quaternionic analysis and can provide new perspectives and applications related fields.

Received: September 27, 2025
Accepted: October 29, 2025

References

[1] J. A. P. F. Marão and M. F. Borges, Geometrical hypercomplex coupling between electric and gravitational fields, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 88(4) (2013), 475-482.

[2] M. F. Borges and J. M. Machado, New remarks on the differentiability of hypercomplex functions, International Journal of Applied Mathematics 8(1) (2002), 85-101.

[3] M. F. Borges, J. Coelho and J. A. P. F. Marão, Geometrical logarithmic and trigonometric hypercomplex functions of quaternionic type, Far East Journal of Mathematical Sciences (FJMS) 50 (2011), 45-53.

[4] M. F. Borges, J. A. Marão and R. C. Barreiro, A Cauchy-like theorem for hypercomplex functions, Journal of Geometry and Topology 3 (2009), 263-271.

[5] M. F. Borges and J. A. P. F. Marão, The Laurent series for the quaternionic case, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 90(3) (2014), 281-285.

[6] J. A. P. F. Marão and M. F. Borges, A note on the hypercomplex Riemann-Cauchy like relations for quaternions and Laplace equations, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics (2014), 5.

[7] M. F. Borges, A. D. Figueiredo and J. A. P. F. Marão, Hypercomplex geometric derivate from a Cauchy-like integral formula, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 68(1) (2011), 55-69.

[8] A. Buchmann, A Brief History of Quaternions and the Theory of Holomorphic Functions of Quaternionic Variables, Chapman University, 2009, p.11.

[9] Kunihiko Kodaira, Complex Analysis, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007, pp. 406.

[10] J. H. Conway, On Quaternions and Octonions: Their Geometry, Arithmetic and Symmetry, A. K. Peters, Ltd., Natick, MA, 2003, p. 159.

[11] M. F. Borges, J. A. Marão and J. M. Machado, Geometrical octonions II: Hiper regularity and hyper periodicity of the exponential function, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 48 (2008), 495-500.

[12] H. B. Li, Some applications of Clifford algebra to geometries, Lecture Notes on Artificial Intelligence 1669 (1999), 156-179.

[13] L. Sinegre, Quaternions and motion of a solid body about a fixed point according to Hamilton, Rev.-Historie-Math. 1(1) (1995), 83-109.

[14] R. Fueter, Die Funktionentheorie der Differentialgleichungen und mit vier reelen Variablen, Comment. Math. Helv. 7(1) (1934), 307-330.

[15] J. A. P. F. Marão and M. F. Borges, Liouville’s theorem and power series for quaternionic functions, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 71(3) (2011), 383-389.

[16] J. Baez, The octonions, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 39(2) (2001), 145-205.

[17] J. A. P. F. Marão and M. F. Borges, Geometrical coupling fields of a hypercomplex type, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 89(2) (2013), 215-224.

Published

2025-12-31

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

MIXED SECOND-ORDER QUATERNIONIC DERIVATIVES: ADVANCES ON HYPERCOMPLEX. (2025). Far East Journal of Mathematical Sciences (FJMS), 143(2), 511-526. https://doi.org/10.17654/0972087126030

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