JP Journal of Biostatistics

The JP Journal of Biostatistics is a highly regarded open-access international journal indexed in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI). It focuses on the application of statistical theory and methods in resolving problems in biological, biomedical, and agricultural sciences. The journal encourages the submission of experimental papers that employ relevant algorithms and also welcomes survey articles in the fields of biostatistics and epidemiology.

Submit Article

APPLICATION OF STEPWISE MULTIPLE REGRESSION TO SUPERSATURATED DESIGNS DATA OF WATER POLLUTION IN SAUDI ARABIA

Authors

  • Itidal Ali Albalawi
  • Mohammad A. Abdulhakeem
  • Waleed B. ALShammari

Keywords:

water pollution, multiple linear regressions, supersaturated designs, data analysis, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17654/0973514324027

Abstract

Background. In data analysis issues, stepwise multiple linear regression is seen to be a very helpful computational method. Multiple linear regression (MLR), logistic regression, ordinal regression and multinominal regression are all examples of regressions. Multiple linear regressions are a type of linear regression analysis that is used to examine the relationship between a single response variable (the dependent variable) and two or more controlled variables (the independent variables).

Objective. This research aims to comprehensively investigate and address the multifaceted issue of water pollution.

Methods and materials. Data were obtained using an online questionnaire form, where the questionnaire was sent to the target group. There were four general steps to build questionnaire model in MLR. The general steps were supersaturated designs, checking assumptions, choosing appropriate multiple variables analysis, and interpreting the output. Each model was analyzed separately using the chosen analysis methods using a program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.

Results. The stepwise regression method for all applications reveals that five controlled variables were chosen using SPSS 20: $w_2$, $w_5$, $w_9$, $w_11$ and $w_13$.

Conclusion. $w_2$ (increase in population), $w_5$ (inorganic materials such as (copper, mercury, etc.), $w_9$ (rainwater), $w_11$ (waste chemicals) and $w_13$ (waste of living organisms) are the actual causes of water pollution.

Received: June 11, 2024
Revised: July 19, 2024
Accepted: July 31, 2024

References

I. M. M. Ghani and S. Ahmad, Stepwise multiple regression method to forecast fish landing, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 8 (2010), 549-554.

R. A. Armstrong and A. C. Hilton, Stepwise multiple regression, Statistical Analysis in Microbiology: StatNotes (2010), 135-138.

M. L. Thompson, Selection of variables in multiple regression: Part I. A review and evaluation, International Statistical Review/Revue Internationale de Statistique (1978), 1-19.

W. J. Cosgrove and D. P. Loucks, Water management: Current and future challenges and research directions, Water Resources Research 51(6) (2015), 4823 4839.

B. S. Rathi, P. S. Kumar and D. V. N. Vo, Critical review on hazardous pollutants in water environment: Occurrence, monitoring, fate, removal technologies and risk assessment, Science of the Total Environment 797 (2021), 149134.

S. S. Sonone, S. Jadhav, M. S. Sankhla and R. Kumar, Water contamination by heavy metals and their toxic effect on aquaculture and human health through food Chain, Lett. Appl. Nano Bioscience 10(2) (2020), 2148-2166.

D. B. Aulenbach, Water-our Second Most Important Natural Resource, BC Indus. & Com. L. Rev. 9 (1967), 535.

K. L. Blann, J. L. Anderson, G. R. Sands and B. Vondracek, Effects of agricultural drainage on aquatic ecosystems: a review, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 39(11) (2009), 909-1001.

A. G. Heath, Water Pollution and Fish Physiology, 2nd ed., Lewis Publisher, New York and London, 1995.

S. S. Chen, I. A. Kimirei, C. Yu, Q. Shen and Q. Gao, Assessment of urban river water pollution with urbanization in East Africa, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29(27) (2022), 40812-40825.

B. Moss, Water pollution by agriculture, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363(1491) (2008), 659-666.

A. Pal, K. Y. H. Gin, A. Y. C. Lin and M. Reinhard, Impacts of emerging organic contaminants on freshwater resources: review of recent occurrences, sources, fate and effects, Science of the Total Environment 408(24) (2010), 6062-6069.

D. Chakraborty and K. Mukhopadhyay, Water Pollution and Abatement Policy in India, Springer Publication, Vol. 10, 2014, 1-21.

J. Liu, X. Zhang, B. Wu, G. Pan, J. Xu and S. Wu, Spatial scale and seasonal dependence of land use impacts on riverine water quality in the Huai River basin, China, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24 (2017), 20995-21010.

S. Khan, M. Shahnaz, N. Jehan, S. Rehman, M. T. Shah and I. Din, Drinking water quality and human health risk in Charsadda district, Pakistan, Journal of Cleaner Production 60 (2013), 93-101.

Y. C. Soh, F. Roddick and J. Van Leeuwen, The future of water in Australia: The potential effects of climate change and ozone depletion on Australian water quality, quantity and treatability, The Environmentalist 28 (2008), 158-165.

General Authority for Statistics in Saudi Arabia, Emission of air or water pollutants. https://www.stats.gov.sa/ar/node/10131. Downloaded 20/05/2024

A. T. Abdulrahman, R. Alharbi, O. Alamri, D. Alnagar and B. Alruwaili, Application of supersaturated design to study the spread of electronic games, Mathematics and Statistics 9(3) (2021), 278-284.

D. R. Holcomb, D. C. Montgomery and W. M. Carlyle, Analysis of supersaturated designs, Journal of Quality Technology 35(1) (2003), 13-27.

Alanazi Talal Abdulrahman, Application of edge designs to study the spread of diabetes, JP Journal of Biostatistics 18(2) (2021), 187-198.

http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/BS018020187

Alanazi Talal Abdulrahman, Randa Alharbi, Osama Alamri, Dalia Alnagar and Bader Alruwaili, Application of supersaturated design to study the spread of electronic games, Mathematics and Statistics 9(3) (2021), 278-284.

DOI: 10.13189/ms.2021.090308.

A. T. Abdulrahman and O. Alamri, Robust estimation methods used to study the reasons behind increasing divorce cases in Saudi Society, Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021(1) (2021), 4027599.

A. Talal Abdulrahman and A. A. Attiya, Mathematical and statistical models with applications of spread of private tutoring in Saudi Arabia, Complexity 2022(1) (2022), 7842971.

Downloads

Published

2024-10-03

Issue

Vol. 24 No. 3 (2024)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 PUSHPA PUBLISHING HOUSE, PRAYAGRAJ, INDIA

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

_________________________

Licensing Terms:

Attribution: Credit Pushpa Publishing House as the original publisher, including title and author(s) if applicable.

Non-Commercial Use: For non-commercial purposes only. No commercial activities without explicit permission.

No Derivatives: Modifying or creating derivative works not allowed without written permission.

Contact Puspha Publishing House for more info or permissions.

How to Cite

APPLICATION OF STEPWISE MULTIPLE REGRESSION TO SUPERSATURATED DESIGNS DATA OF WATER POLLUTION IN SAUDI ARABIA. (2024). JP Journal of Biostatistics, 24(3), 487-515. https://doi.org/10.17654/0973514324027

Similar Articles

1-10 of 96

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.